Federated learning is a decentralized topology of deep learning, that trains a shared model through data distributed among each client (like mobile phones, wearable devices), in order to ensure data privacy by avoiding raw data exposed in data center (server).After each client computes a new model parameter by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) base
Quantum adversarial machine learning is an emerging field that studies the vulnerability of quantum learning systems against adversarial perturbations and develops possible defense strategies.Quantum universal adversarial perturbations are small perturbations, which can make different input samples into adversarial examples that may deceive a given
In this study distributed fiber optic sensing has been used to measure strain along a vertical well of a depth of 300 m during a pumping test.The observed strain data has been used in geomechanical simulation, in which a combined Boys Swim analytical and numerical approach was applied in providing scaled-up formation properties.The outcomes of the
Abstract Tooling is associated with complex cognitive abilities, occurring most regularly in large-brained mammals and birds.Among birds, self-care tooling is seemingly rare in the wild, despite several anecdotal reports of this behaviour in captive parrots.Here, we show that Bruce, a disabled parrot lacking his top mandible, deliberately uses pebb